How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: Step-by-Step Guide (PASS Method)

Fires can start suddenly at home, offices, or commercial spaces — from electrical faults, cooking accidents, or flammable liquids. Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher can prevent a small fire from becoming a life-threatening disaster.

Even if you’ve never faced a fire, understanding the correct instructions and safety measures is a critical life skill. This guide explains the PASS method, fire extinguisher types, safety tips, and common mistakes to avoid.

Why It Is Important to Know How to Operate a Fire Extinguisher

Fires can start suddenly due to electrical faults, cooking accidents, or flammable materials. In such situations, knowing fire extinguisher instructions helps you:

• Control small fires before they spread
• Protect lives and property
• Reduce panic during emergencies
• Act safely and responsibly

Using the wrong method or the wrong extinguisher can make the situation worse, which is why correct knowledge is essential.

What Is the Correct Way to Operate a Fire Extinguisher? – Quick Steps (PASS Method)

If you are wondering how to use a fire extinguisher correctly, follow these four basic steps, known as the PASS method:

1. Pull the pin
2. Aim at the base of the fire
3. Squeeze the handle
4. Sweep from side to side

These steps are explained in detail below.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher – Video Demonstration (PASS Method)

This video demonstrates how to use a fire extinguisher correctly using the PASS method. Watching this demonstration helps you understand proper fire extinguisher instructions, correct nozzle positioning, and safe handling during emergencies.

Understand the PASS Method of Using a Fire Extinguisher

The PASS method is the most widely accepted and safest way to operate a fire extinguisher.

PASS Step 1: Pull the Pin

Pull the safety pin located at the top of the extinguisher. This unlocks the handle and allows the extinguisher to discharge.

PASS Step 2: Aim at the Base of the Fire

Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire, not at the flames. Targeting the base helps cut off the fire’s fuel source.

PASS Step 3: Squeeze the Handle

Firmly squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Maintain steady pressure for effective discharge.

PASS Step 4: Sweep Side to Side

Sweep the nozzle from side to side while aiming at the base of the fire until it is completely out.

These are the essential steps to use a fire extinguisher safely and effectively.

Types of Fire and Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher

Before using a fire extinguisher, you must understand the type of fire. Fires are classified based on the fuel involved.

• Class A – Wood, paper, cloth
• Class B – Flammable liquids like petrol or oil
• Class C – Electrical fires

Always check the label on the extinguisher to confirm which fire classes it can handle. Using the wrong extinguisher can be dangerous.

How Does a Fire Extinguisher Work?

Many people ask how a fire extinguisher works during an emergency.

A fire extinguisher works by:

• Releasing a pressurized extinguishing agent
• Cutting off oxygen supply to the fire
• Cooling the burning material
• Interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire

Different extinguishers use different agents, but the goal remains the same — to stop the fire safely.

When NOT to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Knowing when not to use a fire extinguisher is just as important as knowing how to use one.

Do NOT use a fire extinguisher if:

• The fire is spreading rapidly
• The room is filled with smoke
• You do not have a clear escape route
• The fire involves large gas cylinders
• You are unsure about the fire type

In such cases, evacuate immediately and call emergency services.

Fire Extinguisher Safety Tips

Follow these important safety guidelines during fire extinguisher use:

• Always keep your back toward an exit
• Stand at a safe distance
• Never turn your back on a fire
• Stop using the extinguisher if the fire grows
• Replace or refill the extinguisher after use

Common Mistakes During Fire Extinguisher Use

Avoid these common errors:

• Aiming at flames instead of the base
• Standing too close to the fire
• Using the wrong extinguisher type
• Panic and improper handling

Correct technique ensures effective fire control.

Conclusion

Understanding how to use a fire extinguisher is a vital life skill that can prevent serious damage and save lives. By learning the PASS method, choosing the right extinguisher, and following proper fire extinguisher use instructions, you can respond confidently during emergencies.

Always remember — safety comes first. If a fire is out of control, evacuate immediately and seek professional help. As highlighted by NFPA and NDMA India, fires can escalate quickly without proper preparation, so being prepared is key.